Netflix faced immediate backlash in March after announcing that it was going to begin making some subscribers pay an additional fee for sharing their account with users outside their household. The company then said in an April shareholder letter that it lost 200,000 subscribers in the first quarter of 2022 and forecasted greater losses to come. But some users, especially younger ones, are left wondering how password sharing changes will affect their own bottom line.
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The streaming giant said that it is currently only experimenting with charging for password sharing in Chile, Costa Rica, and Peru. Even then, users would need to opt in to be subject to the rules, a Netflix spokesperson tells TIME.
In cryptography, a key is a bit stream of set length, eg 40bit, 128bit, 256bit (depending on the encryption method used) that is generated from a password, which is an actual word or combination of characters that is easily remembered by the user. If the encryption method used is not very strong (such as 40bit encryption below) then the number of possible keys is low, and each key can be tested until the correct one is found. With stronger encryption methods this is no longer possible, and a dictionary of words and phrases must be used in an attempt to find the correct password (also known as a dictionary attack). Microsoft Office documents versions 97 and 2000 used what is referred to as 40bit encryption, using RC4 and MD5 algorithms where the key size was artificially reduced to 40bits (to comply with US export regulations relating to cryptography). This allows a brute force attack to test all possible key values to decrypt the file, and can be completed in (at most) roughly 3 days of testing. Office XP and 2003 used a combination of 40bit and newer encryption methods (SH1, 128bit RC4 keys and longer password lengths), so some files are able to be decrypted using the above method while others will need to use dictionary attacks to attempt decryption. Office 2007 introduced a much more secure method of encrypting documents, using AES and multiple hashing methods to further slow down the number of passwords that can be tested (to approximately 200 a second). RAR files use AES encryption and methods that slowdown the password testing process, so only the dictionary based attack is possible. Older ZIP files used their own proprietary algorithm which can be cracked in several hours if certain criteria are met (needs to be a minimum number of files in the ZIP file). Newer version of ZIP files can use AES encryption so only a dictionary attack can be used. PDF files can use 2 encryption methods, older ones (1.4 and earlier) used 40bit encryption, however newer version use larger keys (up to 256bit) and AES encryption so only a dictionary attack can be used.
If you have created a search index for your case you are able to use the dictionary of words generated as part of the password recovery process, any dictionaries detected for the current case will be added to the list of available dictionaries automatically. The image below has a dictionary named "My Index" which is from the current case.
These may be very useful and more likely to contain a password than the default dictionaries as the words are sourced from the hard disk under investigation. As many common passwords tend to be family names, pets, anniversary dates etc they may be (unintentionally) stored in emails and documents on the system.
Document Type Speed Microsoft Word 2010 633 passwords/sec Microsoft Excel 2010 623 passwords/sec Microsoft PowerPoint 2010 626 passwords/sec PDF 128 bit AES/RC4 398,680 passwords/sec PDF 256 bit AES 4,687,446 passwords/sec ZIP Standard 11,906,533 password/sec ZIP 128/256 bit 19,791 passwords/sec RAR 174 passwords/sec Microsoft Word 40 bit 8 keys/sec Microsoft Excel 40 bit 8 keys/sec PDF 40 bit 32 keys/sec
Server is unable to start The password recovery module in OSForensics works by starting a server module and several client modules (ones for each available processor). TCP/IP connections are used for communication between the modules and as such they can be blocked by firewall and internet security products (such as the Windows firewall, Kaspersky and AVG). If you are unable to start the server, please try disabling your antivirus/firewall software while using the password recovery tools.
The real danger is "offline" cracking. Hackers break into a system to steal the encrypted password file or eavesdrop on an encrypted exchange across the Internet. They are then free to decrypt the passwords without anybody stopping them.Doing this, hackers can guess passwords at the rate of 1 billion guesses a second. That's fast, but not when you consider how big the problem is. Consider passwords composed of letters, numbers, and symbols. That's roughly 100 combinations per character. A five-character password will have 10 billion combinations. This means a hacker can guess a five-character password in only 10 seconds. But things quickly get worse for the hacker. This problem grows exponentially:5 characters = 10 secondsKeep up with the latest cybersecurity threats, newly-discovered vulnerabilities, data breach information, and emerging trends. Delivered daily or weekly right to your email inbox.SubscribeMore InsightsWhite PapersHow Machine Learning, AI & Deep Learning Improve CybersecurityState of Email SecurityMore White PapersWebinarsRethinking Authentication: MFA, Passwordless, Certificates, and MoreDeciphering the Hype Around XDRMore WebinarsReportsThe Promise and Reality of Cloud Security10 Hot Talks From Black Hat USA 2022More ReportsEditors' ChoiceNearly All Firms Have Ties With Breached Third PartiesRobert Lemos, Contributing Writer, Dark ReadingCommand-Injection Bug in Cisco Industrial Gear Opens Devices to Complete TakeoverNate Nelson, Contributing Writer, Dark ReadingBeating the Odds: 3 Challenges Women Face in the Cybersecurity IndustryShikha Kothari, Senior Security Adviser, Eden DataPhishers Trick Microsoft Into Granting Them 'Verified' Cloud Partner StatusNate Nelson, Contributing Writer, Dark ReadingWebinarsRethinking Authentication: MFA, Passwordless, Certificates, and MoreDeciphering the Hype Around XDRThe Ransomware Evolution: Protecting Against Professionalized Cybercriminal OperationsShoring Up the Software Supply Chain Across Enterprise ApplicationsThe Importance of Bespoke SecurityMore WebinarsReportsThe Promise and Reality of Cloud Security10 Hot Talks From Black Hat USA 2022How Machine Learning, AI & Deep Learning Improve CybersecurityEnterprise Cybersecurity Plans in a Post-Pandemic WorldIncident Readiness and Building Response PlaybookMore ReportsWhite PapersHow Machine Learning, AI & Deep Learning Improve CybersecurityState of Email SecurityRansomware Resilience and Response: The Next-GenerationRansomware Is On The RiseState of Ransomware Readiness: Facing the Reality GapMore White PapersEventsEmerging Cybersecurity Technologies - A Dark Reading Mar 23 EventBlack Hat USA - August 5-10 - Learn MoreBlack Hat Asia - May 9-12 - Learn MoreMore EventsMore InsightsWhite PapersHow Machine Learning, AI & Deep Learning Improve CybersecurityState of Email SecurityMore White PapersWebinarsRethinking Authentication: MFA, Passwordless, Certificates, and MoreDeciphering the Hype Around XDRMore WebinarsReportsThe Promise and Reality of Cloud Security10 Hot Talks From Black Hat USA 2022More ReportsDiscover More From Informa TechInterop
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We cannot recommend other ways to recover online passwords, because those other ways would probably require the explicit permission of both the account holder and the company operating the website or service. If you don't have both of those things, you're probably doing something that could get you into serious trouble. Don't do it.
The weak hash detection is a special feature of hashcat. The goal of this feature is to notice if there is a hash whose plaintext is empty, that means a 0-length password. Typically when you just hit enter. We call it a weak-hash check even if it should have been called weak-password check but there are simply too many weak-passwords.
However, if your hashlist contains millions of salts we have to run a kernel for each salt. If you want to check for empty passwords for that many salts you will have a very long initialization/startup time by running hashcat. To work around this problem there is a parameter called "--weak-hash-threshold". With it you can set a maximum number of salts for which weak hashes should be checked on start. The default is set to 100, that means if you use a hashlist with 101 unique salts it will not try to do a weak-hash check at all. Note we are talking about unique salts not unique hashes. Cracking unsalted hashes results in 1 unique salt (an empty one). That means if you set it to 0 you are disabling it completely, also for the unsalted hashes.
The reason for this is that otherwise e.g. the output file (--outfile, -o) could contain the same and identical hash output again and again (if different attack types lead to the same password candidates which do match).
It also has an enormous effect on cracking salted hashes. If hashcat notices that all hashes which are bound to a specific salt are cracked, it's safe to not generate new guesses for this specific salt anymore. This means, for example, if you have 2 hashes with different salts and one is cracked, the speed is doubled. Now if you restart the session for any reason the potfile marks the one cracked hash as cracked and so the salt is marked as cracked. You startup with doubled guessing speed. 2ff7e9595c
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